| Description |
The Type keyword is a fundamental part of Delphi. Unlike other languages, it allows new categories (types) of variable and process to be created. These newly named categories can then be referenced just as if they were a part of the language.
For example :
Type TCourtCards = (Ace, Jack, Queen, King);
allows a new variable of this 'type' to be defined :
var Card : TCourtCard;
Card := Queen;
It is a useful convention to prefix type Names with a T.
1.type Name = Existing type
Refers to an existing type, such as string by a new Name.
2.type Name = type Existing type
This has the same effect as above, but ensures that at run time, variables of this type are identified by their new type name, rather than the existing type name.
3.type Name = (EnumValue1, EnumValue2 ...)
Defines an enumeration type, with values EnumValu1, EnumValue2 and so on. These are user defined names representing all possible values for the enumeration.
These values must be unique in your program. Once defined in a type, they can be referenced in two ways : when assigning/referencing a variable of that type, and as a numerical value using the Ord keyword. See right for examples.
Note that these enumerations are set to have values 0, 1, 2 etc by position in the definition unless this value is overriden by the =value number.
For example :
Type Days = (Monday = 1, Tuesday, Wed ...);
where Monday would be set to 1, Tuesday 2, Wednesday 3 and so on.
4.type Name = Expression1..Expression2
Here we have a complete range of integer numbers or characters from Expression1 to Expression2.
Expression1 and 2 maybe expressions that evaluate to an integer number or a character, or just integer or character constants.
For example:
Type TAlphabet = 'A'..'z';
is often used to define the range of letters from upper case A right through to lower case z.
5.type Name = ^Existing type
The '^' is a pointer to the existing type. It is often used to navigate through sets of records.
6.type Name = array[...] of existing type
A structured type, encapsulating an array of types as a new type.
7.type Name = class ... end
Mechanism for defining a new class. See the Class keyword for full details.
8.type Name = class of existing class
This provides a meta-class definition. See the Class keyword for details.
9.type Name = dispinterface ... end
A dispatch interface type. See the Dispinterface keyword for full details.
10.type Name = file of Existing type
Defines a type to refer to file that contains records of the given existing type (by default, files are treated as containing binary data).
11.type Name = function ...
Defines a function as a type, allowing the function to be defined as a parameter to a subroutine.
12.type Name = interface ... end
Mechanism for defining an interface. See the Interface keyword for full details.
13.type Name = object ... end
Obsolete equivalent to the Class definition.
14.type Name = procedure ...
Defines a function as a type, allowing the function to be defined as a parameter to a subroutine.
15.type Name = record ... end
Encapsulates a data structure under the given Name. See the Record keyword for full details.
16.type Name = set of Ordinal values
The set of Ordinal values defines a range of integer numbers or characters. See the Set keyword for full details of sets.
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| Related commands |
| Array |
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A data type holding indexable collections of data |
| Class |
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Starts the declaration of a type of object class |
| Const |
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Starts the definition of fixed data values |
| File |
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Defines a typed or untyped file |
| Function |
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Defines a subroutine that returns a value |
| Interface |
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Used for Unit external definitions, and as a Class skeleton |
| Object |
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Allows a subroutine data type to refer to an object method |
| Procedure |
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Defines a subroutine that does not return a value |
| Record |
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A structured data type - holding fields of data |
| Set |
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Defines a set of up to 255 distinct values |
| Var |
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Starts the definition of a section of data variables |
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| Example code : Examples of some of these types |
Type
TString1 = string; // 1. type Name = Existing type
TString2 = type string; // 2. type Name = type Existing type
TTemp = (Hot, Warm, Cold); // 3. type Name = (Enum1, Enum2 ...)
TExpr = 5*2 .. 6*3; // 4. type Name = Expr1 .. Expr2
// 5. See the Pointer keyword
TArray = array[1..3] of byte; // 6. type Name = array[...] of type
// 7. See the expanded code
// 8. See the Class keyword
// 9. See the Dispinterface keyword
// 10. See the File keyword
// 11. See the Function keyword
// 12. See the Interface keyword
// 13. Obsolete
// 14. See the Procedure keyword
TRecord = record // 15. type Name = record .. end;
header : string;
value : Integer;
end;
TLetters = set of 'A'..'z'; // 16. type Name = set of Ordinals
var
// Declare variables using the above types
firstName : TString1;
lastName : TString2;
temperature : TTemp;
expression : TExpr;
myArray : TArray;
myRecord : TRecord;
letters : TLetters;
begin
// Assign values to these types
firstName := 'Neil';
lastName := 'Moffatt';
temperature := Cold;
expression := 10;
myArray[1] := 5;
myRecord.header := 'data file';
letters := ['F'..'Q'];
end;
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| Show full unit code |
The program runs with no output
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